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Izinsiza

Izingxenye ezihambisanayo ekwakhiweni kwezimbiwa ezisezingeni elijulile zimele ibanga elibanzi lezinsiza, izinto, nezinhlelo ezibalulekile ekufezeni ngempumelelo imisebenzi yokwakha udonga lwe-diaphragm kanye nezimbobo ezisemaphakathini. Lezi zinto zokweseka zenza ingxenye ebalulekile yohlelo lwezimpande ezijulile, ukusebenza ngokuhlanganyela nemishini yokuhlanganisa nokuqhubeka kokumba ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuvikelwa kwesakhiwo, ukusebenza okwanelisayo, nokuhambisana nezidingo zokwakhiwa kwe-geotechnical. Izingxenye ezihambisanayo zisetshenziswa kuzo zonke izigaba zokwakhiwa kwezimbobo ezisemaphakathini kanye nodonga lwe-diaphragm, kusukela ekulungiselelweni kokuqala kwesiza nokufakwa kwesakhiwo sokguidi, kudlulela emubeni wezimbobo, ukuphathwa kwe-slurry, ukuhlelwa kwezimbiwa, nasekupheleni kokwakhiwa kodonga. Ezikhaleni ezisemaphakathini, izingxenye ezihambisanayo zenza kube lula ukuhlela kahle ukufakwa kwezimbiwa eziyinhloko nezizimele, kuvumele ukuhlangana kahle kwembobo nezakhiwo ezifanayo, kusekele ukuhamba kwe-slurry nezinhlelo zokubuyisela, futhi kuhlinzeke ngokuqiniswa okwemuva phakathi nesikhathi sokuqala sokuphilisa. Zibalulekile kwazulu nodonga lwe-diaphragm, izindonga zokusika, kanye nezinhlelo zokuhlanganisa umhlabathi, lapho izinhlelo zokguidi, izinto zokuphatha i-slurry, nezinsiza zokuhlela ukujolisa zibalulekile ekufezeni izici zokwakhiwa. Umsebenzi wezokusebenza kwezingxenye ezihambisanayo uhilela imisebenzi eminingana ebalulekile. Odongeni bokuhola nezinhlelo zokudlala zigcina ukujolisa kwesikhumbuzo nesikhumbuzo sokumba kuyacindezela kumandla oku? njenge- slurry kanye nomhlabathi ozungezile. Izinhlelo zokucubungula i-slurry—okuhlanganisa imithombo, ama-centrifuge, nezinhlelo zokuhlanganisa—ziphatha ukujula kwegazi lokumba, ubunzima, nokwakheka kwegazi ukuze zigcine ukujula kokukhukhula futhi kube lula ukwehlukanisa iziphambeko. Izikhala zokuhlukanisa, ama-centralizers, nezinhlelo zokuphatha ama-reinforcement cage ziqinisekisa ukuthi izimbobo zifakwe kahle kanye nemibono efanele phakathi kwezimbiwa eziyinhloko nezizimele. Imishini yokuhlola nezinsiza zokuhlola ilandelela izimo ze-slurry, ukuhlelwa kwezimbiwa, nokuthuthuka kokuhlala kwangaphambili ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukulandelana kokwakha. Izigaba zomshini ezibalulekile ngaphakathi kwezingxenye ezihambisanayo zifaka phakathi izinhlelo zokuhola ezimechanical nezihlikihlekile, izitshalo zokucubungula i-bentonite slurry ezinokugeleza okuhlukeneyo, izinhlelo zokuhlola nge-ultrasonic nezemoto ukuze kube nokuhamba kwezimbiwa, ama-tremie pipelines nezinsiza zokuhlola ukuze kube nokuhlanganiswa kwamanzi, izinhlelo zokusebenzisa izigaba zefom zempahla, kanye nezinhlelo zokuphakamisa noma izinhlelo zokuqinisa ezizindlini ezedlula izindonga ezijwayelekile. Imishini yokuhlola isikhathi sokuphilisa—esebenzisa ama-ultrasonic pulse velocity noma ukukala okushisa—ivumela izinqumo ezisekelwe kwisayensi mayelana nesikhathi sokufakwa kwezimbiwa, yehlisa izikhathi zokwenza ngenkathi kugcinwa ukuhlanganiswa kwesakhiwo. Izikhalazo zokukhetha izinhlelo ezihambisanayo zinqunywa ubukhulu bedonga, ububanzi bezimbobo, ubude bedonga obudingekayo, izimo zomhlabathi ne-surface water, izincazelo zengilazi, kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza. Umklamo wedonga wokuhola kufanele uhambisane nezinhlelo eziphezulu zokucindezela kumazinga aphakeme wokuqhamuka. Ukuhlola kokuhlanza i-slurry kumele kuhambisane nezinga lokumba ngenkathi kugcinwa ubukhulu obubhalisiwe ne-viscosity. Izinhlelo zokuhlela kufanele ziqinisekise ukujolisa okuhambisana nezidingo zokudlulisa umthwalo wesakhiwo, ngokuvamile ±50 mm phezulu kwedonga. Izinga elihambisana nemigomo elawulayo ekwakhiweni nasekusebenzeni kwezingxenye ezihambisanayo lifaka phakathi i-EN 1538 (odonga lwe-diaphragm), i-ISO 6930 (izakhiwo ze-slurry), i-DIN 1045 (ukungaguquki kwe-concrete), kanye ne-API RP 65 (imisebenzi yenkundla). Izindinganiso ze-European ne-ISO zimisela izincazelo ezincane zomklamo we-slurry, ukujolisa kwesakhiwo sodonga lokuhola, izinqubo zokuhlanganiswa kwe-tremie, nezinhlelo zokuhlola ikhwalithi phakathi nezinyathelo zokwakha ezisekelwayo.

Subcategories (5)

Iziphunyukwazi

Iziqhingi zokwakha ezakhiwe ngama-excavator ephakela emayini omhlaba kanye nokwakhiwa kwezindonga zokumisa zisebenza njengenhlangano ebalulekile yokweseka izindlela eziyingqayizivele zokwakha amafuthwa ajulile okuhlanganisa izindonga ze-diaphragm, izindonga zokumisa, ama-piles e-secant, izindonga ze-sheet pile, kanye nezisebenzi zokuhlanganisa umhlaba. Le mishini isebenza ngaphezu kokuhanjiswa komhlaba okwakudala; inikeza ukwakhiwa komhlaba okuncane, ukulawula ukuhamba kokukhwabanisa, nokususwa kwe-cuttings okuwumsebenzi obalulekile ekugcineni ukuzinza ezindaweni ezinamathuba amanzi nasemagumbini asezansi komhlaba. Abakwa-excavator kuleli qembu ngokuvamile basebenza ngokuhlanganyela nezinsiza zokubhoboza, izinhlelo zokwelapha ukukhwabanisa, kanye nezinhlelo zokukhwabanisa i-tremie, zakha umsebenzi oqondile lapho ukuma kwe-excavator, ukuqina kwenqana, kanye namandla e-hydraulic kuthonya ngqo impumelelo yokufakwa kwezindonga zokumisa kanye nokuzinza komhlaba. Umqondo wokusebenza ugxila ekususweni kwemhlaba ophume ngaphandle ngenkathi kuqhutshwa ukubalwa kwamanzi aphakathi kanye nokuhamba kwezinto ezimele emanzini. Ekubhalweni kwezindonga ze-diaphragm ngokwe-EN 1536, ama-excavator asusa ama-cuttings aqukethe i-bentonite ezindongeni zomhlahlandlela kanye nezinhlelo zokwesekela. I-sequencing ifezwa ngokubambisana nezinsiza zokubhoboza izindonga ukuze kusungulwe izimo ze-planar panel ezine ±500 mm yokubekezelelana okujoliswe horizontal. Ezindaweni zokusebenza zokumisa, ama-excavator aphatha ukususwa kwe-spoil okuvela emigibeni ye-auger kanye nezinhlelo zokujika, kubalulekile ekugcineni i-hydrostatic equilibrium ezindaweni ezijulile. Emsebenzini we-jet grouting, ama-excavator asusa izinsika ezihlanganiswe nemhlabathi-cement kanye nezinsalela ezinkulu ezingequkiwe yizinsiza zokubhoboza, ukuvimbela ukuvimbela ekuthatheni izindlu ezilandelayo nezindawo zokubeka izindonga. Izicelo zokuhlanganisa umhlaba zisebenzisa ama-bucket ama-excavator anama-paddles akhethekile wokuhlanganisa ukuze kulungiswe i-strata ethambile noma izinto ezikhiphayo ngaphambi kokuphinda zisetshenziswe ezindaweni zokuphakamisa noma ezinhlelweni zokukhwabanisa. Izicwangciso zezimoto zihluka ngokusukuma kokufaka nezinga lomhlaba. Ama-excavator e-backhoe ajwayelekile (CAT 320, Komatsu PC200) asebenza ezindaweni ezifinyelela ku-15 m futhi anezikhono ze-bucket hydraulic ezingu-0.8–1.2 m³, ezifanele ukuhlinzeka ngendawo yokuhambisa izindonga zomhlahlandlela kanye nezindonga eziphezulu. Izinhlobo ze-longreach ezine-11–14 m booms ezithuthukisiwe zisebenza ezindongeni ze-diaphragm ezijulile (25–50 m ukujula) ngaphandle kosizo lwephayinari lokunyakaza. Ama-excavator ama-amphibious anciphisa ukuhamba kwendawo nokufinyelela ezindaweni ezivimbelwe ngezisekeli zomgwaqo zethunithi. Amathuluzi akhethekile afaka ama-high-flow hydraulic quick couplers (ISO 16028), ama-bucket agqokiswe kakhulu ahlonziwe ngamasizeni aqinile aklanyelwe umhlaba onobuhlungu lapho i-SPT N-values idlula ku-50, kanye nama-buckets aklanyelwe ukuhamba kokukhwabanisa okungaphantsi ngaphandle kokufakwa komoya. Izinkomba zokukhetha ziphinde zibe nesidingo sokushintsha kumjikelezo wokufaka, usayizi we-borehole, ukuhlukaniswa kwemhlabathi (ISO 14688), izidingo zokuphakela ukukhwabanisa, kanye nezimo zokufinyelela endaweni. Isisindo semishini kanye namandla okuthwala komhlaba (ngokuvamile 60–80 kPa ngamathuluzi wesikhashana) sithinta ukuthi imiyalo yokuhamba kwe-tracked noma wheeled ifanele izimo zendawo. Izinga lokugeleza kwe-hydraulic ye-excavator kudinga ukuhambisana nezinga lokuphuma kwemiphumela ye-drilling rig mud pump ukuze kuvinjezelwe izinga lokukhwabanisa elingadluli ±500 mm, ngokwe-ISO 22476-12 imiyalelo yequality control yokwakha ukufika kwabafuthwa. Ulwazi lwe-operator ngokuqinisa iziteshi zokuhlanza umhlaba, i-slurry rheology, kanye nokuphatha i-cuttings gradation kuhlukanisa imiphumela yokusebenza ezindaweni ezinamakhaya amancane noma ezinhlelweni ezidlayo zomhlaba. Izinga elifanele liqukethe i-EN 1536 (ukwenza imisebenzi ye-geotechnical ethile—izindonga ze-diaphragm), i-DIN 4126 (ukubekezelelana kwe-diaphragm wall), i-ISO 14688 (ukuhlukaniswa komhlaba kwemisebenzi ye-geotechnical), i-ISO 22476-12 (ikhwalithi yezinto ezixubene emabhalweni okugubha), kanye ne-API RP 2A (izicwangciso zokwakha ukwaziswa kwezinsiza). Ukuhambisana nalezi zinga kuqinisekisa ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwe-excavator kuhambisana nezinga lokuzinza komhlaba, ukwakhiwa kwe-slurry, kanye nezinhlelo zokususa i-cuttings ezimiswe abagibeli bezinhloso zokwakha kanye nezikhungo ezilawulayo.

Izinsiza

Subcategories (5)

Iziphunyukwazi

Ibhakohili loaders

Amakhenge Okuphakamisa

Amathreyi aphansi

Imishini yokwakha ngothi

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