Ukukhishwa Kweziqinisekiso

Ukukhipha izikhumba kuyinqubo echwepheshile yokukhipha noma ukukhetha izikhumba emhlabeni ngemuva kokuphothulwa kwezicelo zokusekela umhlaba zesikhashana noma eziphakeme. Ekuhlinzekeni ngezisekelo ezijulile, imishini yokukhipha ibalulekile ekulungiseni indawo, ekuvuseleleni izinto, nasokuhlelweni kwama-sistimu wokusekela umhlaba ezikhathini eziningi zephrojekthi. Izikhumba—kungaba yinsimbi, i-composite, noma i-vinyl—ivame ukufakwa njengesiphonsamanzi zesikhashana, ama-curtain amaciko, noma izindonga zokusekela ezifanele ngesikhathi sokumba, ukuhawa amanzi, nokusebenza kwezisekelo, okwenza indlela yokukhipha ethembekile ibaluleke kakhulu ezindlekweni zephrojekthi nasekuhambeni kwesikhathi. Imishini yokukhipha isetshenziswa ezimweni ezihlukahlukene ze-geotechnical: ukukhipha i-bracing yesikhashana ezindaweni zokumba ezijulile, ukuvuselela izikhumba ezinqamuliwe esikhathini sokufaka esiphumelelayo, ukukhubaza izindonga zeshidi zemizamo yokwakha ezisefakweni kwezisekelo, nokuqhubeka kokukhipha ngesikhathi sokwakha lapho izindonga zokusekela ziphinde zisetshenziswane njengoba umsebenzisi uqhubeka. Ezindaweni zasemadolobheni ezinokukhawulelwa kokusebenzisa isikhala, amandla wokukhipha athinta ngqo ukuthi izinhlelo ze-zhumba zingahlala zigcinwa noma zikhishwe kudala njengokuphindaphinda. Le nqubo ibalulekile nakwamasiphonsamanzi ezisekelweni zezilwanyana, ezikhungweni ze-hydro, nasezithombeni zasemanzini lapho izindonga zokugcina kufanele zibe zikhishwe ngemuva kokuhawa amanzi nezinyathelo zokwakha. Inqubo yokukhipha iyasebenza ngokuya ngemigqa ehlukile yokusebenza kancane ngokwesikhumba semishini. Abakhiphi be-phile abahlaba imisindo efanele—imvamisa 10–100 Hz—kulokho okukhanyayo noma kumakhamandela ashisayo, kunciphisa ukuhambisana phakathi kokukhanya kwesikhumba nohlanga olungaphantsi. Imvamisa ye-resonance ingalungiselelwa ukuze ivumelane nomgomo wemvelo wesikhumba-noma, ngokwengeza ukusebenza ngokukhululeka. Njengoba imisindo igijima emkhakheni wombuso, ingcindezi yephuzu ibuyele, ukugeleza komhlabathi kwenzeka kancane, futhi ingcindezi esetshenziswayo incipha, ivumela ukukhipha okusebenzayo. Ukukhipha kungahlanganiswa nokuhamba ngesikhathi esisodwa (izinhlelo zokuhlasela-imisindo) noma kuphinde kwenziwe ukujikeleza kumashashalazi e-H kanye nezigaba ezingenalwazi. Abakhiphi be-hydraulic basebenzisa ukunciphisa okuqondile ngokusebenzisa imishini yokuphakamisa, ngokukhuphuka okukhula kwezingxenye ezingu-100 ezilinganiselwe njengezikhumba nezinga lokufaka. Ezinye izinhlelo zifaka ukuncibilikiswa kwamanzi noma ukuhawa kwamanzi kwesikhashana ukuze kuncishiswe ukuhamba ngasokudla, okuhamba kahle kakhulu emhlabathini ongenamikhono. Izilungiselelo zemishini ziyahluka kakhulu. Abakhiphi abahlaba imisindo bafaka emkhakheni we-excavator ojwayelekile kanye nezinhlelo zokuphakela amathuluzi zokuhamba kweflexibility. Abakhiphi be-hydraulic bangeza nesikhumbuze sokwakha izikhumba noma amabhande azimele, ahlinzeka ngokuqondisa ngokunembile kwemithwalo. Abakhiphi bezikhumba ze-composite ne-vinyl badinga izindlela ezikhethekile zokumisa ukuze kugwenywe ukulimala kwezinto; izikhumba zensimbi zikwenza ukuhamba kahle nezimo ezinzima kangcono kunezinto eziphathekayo. Amandla okuphela avela ezindlini ezisanda kufakwa (5–15 m) ukuya ezindaweni ezinobuchwepheshe (40+ m), kanti izikhumba ezinde zidinga amandla amakhulu okukhipha futhi kwesinye isikhathi zidinga ukukhipha ngezikhathi ezithile. Izinhlelo zokukhetha imishini yokukhipha zifaka: ukuphakama okulindelekile kokukhipha nezinga lesikhumba; izinto zokubhalwa kwensimbi nezakhi zofakazi (insimbi ye-H, Z, U, i-vinyl, composite); izimo zomhlabathi nezakhiwo; isikhathi sokukhumbula nezinhlelo zokukhiqiza; ukuhamba kwemishini nokufinyelela endaweni; kanye nezindleko zokuvuselela/ukuphinda usebenzise. Kumathambo amanzi ahlanzekile, izinhlelo zokuhlaba eziphakeme zisebenza kahle; kumphakathi abajulile namathambo amancane, izinhlelo zokuhlangana eziphakeme zifakazelwa kahle. Ukuqhathaniswa kwezindleko kufanele kuqaphele izikhathi zokukhipha, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla, ukufaneleka kokuphinda, nokubaluleka kokuvuselela izinto. Izindinganiso zezimboni eziqhubekayo ekusebenziseni ukukhipha zifaka i-DIN 4128 (izikhumba), i-EN 12063 (ukushayisana kwezikhumba nokuqedeleka), kanye ne-ISO 2394 (imigomo ejwayelekile yokwakha). Indlela yokukhipha kufanele iqinisekise imithwalo ehambisana ne-ASTM D6775 noma efanayo, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izilinganiso zemishini ziyahambisana nezidingo zephrojekthi nezimo zomhlaba.