Amarhasi wokumba anje ngendlela yokuhamba ngendlela yokumba phezulu akhiwa ngamaqoqo akhethekile okwenza izinto ngaphambili ukuze enze umsebenzi wokumba obucayi ezindaweni ezibuhlungu nendawo engazinzile, futhi akhiqiza ubuchwepheshe obuyinhloko bezicelo zokuhlanganiswa komhlabathi kanye nezinhlelo zokukhipha izintaba. La marhasi ahlanganisa amandla okumba amakhulu nokuhamba kahle nokuqina kwezimo zomhlaba ezinzima, okwenzela abaqashi ukufaka izinto zokusebenza ezifana nezintambo zempilo, izinsika, kanye nezinhlelo zokwenza umhlaba lapho imishini ejwayelekile yokumba ingasebenzi khona ngokuphepha noma ngempumelelo. Uhlelo lokusebenza lunqunywa ngaphakathi komkhakha obanzi wezokuhlanganiswa komhlabathi ukuze kuqinise izintaba, amagajethi wokumba ahanjiswa phambili amele ubuchwepheshe obubalulekile emsebenzini wezizinda ezijulile, ukuvikela izintaba, kanye nokunciphisa ubungozi ezindaweni eziyinkimbinkimbi zomjikelezo. Ukwakheka komshini nothango kakhonkolo kule mashi kudala umthwalo ophakeme ohlelekile, kuveza ukusebenza okuqinile ezintabeni ezidlangile ezingama-45 degrees ngenkathi kugcinwa ukuhamba okuphelele nokuphepha okuphezulu okudingekayo ezinhlelweni zokuxhaswa kwezakhiwo. Indlela yokusebenza yokumba ezindaweni ezinjengalezi ihlanganisa ukusungula amapulani aqinile ezindaweni eziphezulu, okwenza izimbobo ezisukuma kahle ezibophisile ngokujulile nakwezikhala ezikhethiwe, futhi ikha indawo yokuhlala yezintambo zempilo, izinsika zamat rocks, noma ezinye izinto zokwakha umhlaba. Izinqubo zokumba zishintsha ngokuya ngezimo ezahlukene zomhlaba nezinsalela ezitholakala ngesikhathi sephrojekthi yokuvuselela izintaba, kuhlanganisa umhlaba oqinile, izinto ezigxilile, amatshe aphukile, kanye nezimo ezisemqoka zamat rocks. Abashayeli balungisa izinga lokumba kanjani, imiphumela yokujikeleza, nezinga lokuphuma koketshezi ukuze kuhlangabezane nezimo zejoloji ezehlukene, kuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yemiphumela nokuqina kokufaka. Amarhasi wokumba anamakhono aphezulu anemishini yokulawula kude, ubuchwepheshe bokuhambisana ngesikhathi sokumba, kanye nezinhlelo ezizenzekelayo ezivumela ukuthola i-orientation ne-stringering ezinhle kakhulu. Izinhlelo ze-hydraulic zipha amandla kokubili okuhamba kwezinzuzo zokumba nokuphatha imishini, kuvumela ukusebenza okuphakathi kwezinto eziningi ngesikhathi esisodwa. Ukuthathelwa ezindleleni zemvelo ezifana nokwehliswa komsindo, ukunciphisa uthuli ngamakhorali amanzi, nokuphazanyiswa okuncane komhlaba kwehlisa imishini efana ne-crawler slope drilling rigs yamukelekile ezindaweni ezibucayi zebhizinisi ezihlanganisa izindawo zokuhlala ezisondelene nezicathulo zomhlaba. Amarhasi wokumba anje ahlinzeka ngezixazululo ezikhaliphile ezindleleni ezihlukahlukene zomjikelezo ezifaka ezindaweni ezihlaselwa ukuphefumula, izintaba eziphakeme ezidala ngesikhathi sokuqhuba ukuhweba, izindawo zekhanda lemvelo, kanye nezintaba ezithintekayo ngemicabango ye-seismic noma imithombo yamanzi engaphansi. Imishini ifakazela izinhlelo zokuvikela izintaba zamabhayisikidi, izikhumulo zezindiza, izikebhe, izinkanyezi, kanye neziphakamiso zokuthuthukisa izindawo ezakhiwe ezindaweni eziguquguqukayo. Izinhlelo zokuhlanganiswa komhlabathi ezihlinzekiwe yizihambela zomjikelezo zibonelela ngokuqinisa izintaba zempilo njalo nangesikhathi esifanele, ukudlulisa umqondo wokuqinisa wezintaba emhlabathini ozinzile ngokuqhathaniswa kwezintambo zemhlabathi kanye nokusebenzisana komshini. Izicelo zihlanganisa ukunciphisa izinkanyezi, ukuthuthukiswa kokungaguquguquki kwezintaba, ukugcina umhlaba uphansi, ukuvikela imvelo, nezinhlelo zokulungiselela izakhiwo ezakhiwe ezindaweni eziphakeme. Amandla ayingxenye, amandla okumba anemininingwane ka-crawler slope drilling rigs akhombisa ukufakwa kwezintambo zempilo kuhlangabezana nezifiso zokukhishwa kwezakhiwo, izidingo zamathuluzi nezindinganiso zokuhlangabezana nakho kwezinhlelo zokwakha ezizanza phakathi kwezakhiwo ezikhanyayo, eqinisekisa izixazululo eziphephile nezithokozisayo zokwakha izinqola.
Izinsiza ezenziwe ngezinhlelo zempahla zokuhlola enezikhonkwane eziningi zifaneleka njengamanje ezinsizeni zokubhoboza eziboshwe kwezitshalo ezihambisanayo ezenzelwe ukwenza ukusebenza kokufaka izikhonkwane zomhlabathi ezinqeni nasezindaweni ezibhalwe ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene. Lezi zinhlelo ezihambayo zithuthukisa ukugcina okuphakeme ngokufaka izikhonkwane zomhlabathi, okuyizinsiza zokukhuthaza ezigcotshwe phezulu ukuze zandise amandla okuphakanyiswa kokuqhuba into ye-embankment futhi zivimbele ukwenzeka kwesikhala. Ubuchule bezikhonkwane eziningi bushintsha abakhandi ukuze baphonsele phansi ngezikhala ezivela eduze kokuphathekayo kuya ezimweni ezinciphile, kugcina izimo ezihlukene zokuphakanyiswa nokuhlola umhlaba okuhlangatshezwana nezinhlelo zokuqondisa inhlalakahle. I-chassis ethathwayo ye-rigs inikeza ukuhamba kahle nokuzinza ezindaweni ezinzima, kanti uhlelo lwezikhonkwane oluphathwayo lunika indawo ethile nemiphumela yokubhoboza enembile ngisho nasezindaweni ezimfushane. Le miphumela yokuhamba ibeka izinsiza ezinezakhiwo eziningi ezinikela izinsiza okufanele zisetshenziswe ekuphuculeni izinhloso, ukuvikela izinkuni ezinqeni, kanye nokunciphisa ukwehla kwemikhakha emisebenzini ehlukahlukene ye-geotechnical. Ukufaka izikhonkwane zomhlabathi kuhilela ukufaka izakhi zensimbi zamandla, ngokuvamile ezineminyaka engama-16 kuya kwangu-32mm, ngaphezu kwemishini efana ne-auger ezikhungweni ezithile emhlabathini osebenzayo noma ezintweni zamatshe. Izinhlanga zibhalwa kaningi zibuye zibe ubude obuphakathi kwama-6 kuya kwama-15 amamitha, kanti uvuthi lungashukunyiswa njengomhlahlandlela ozungezile emsebenzini ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuhamba nokwakhiwa kokuqina. Ikhono le-multi-angle libalulekile ngoba izikhala zemigqa zihluka kakhulu kusekelwe ezimweni zesayithi, izithiyo zemvelo, nezincazelo zokwakha. Ama-rigs anamasu akhintshiwe amalungelo ekubhodweni kokuphambukela kakhulu, ahlinzeka ngababheki bezokuhlola be-geotechnical ukwenzelaUkuhamba emigqeni efanele. Ukusebenza kwezinsiza ze-multi-angle mast kudinga ukusizakale kahle, ukukhetha okulungile okuqondile kwezimiso zomhlaba ezingashintshashintshisi, nokuhlangenwe nakho okuhambela phambili komnikezeli. Izinhlelo zesimanje zifaka izilawuli ezithuthukile, ukulawulwa kwemigqa yokubhodla, kanye nezikhonkwane ezishintshashintshayo, zikhulisa ukuhambisana kokufaka nezinhlelo zokusebenza. Uhlangothi lokuhamba, ukuchaneka, nokusimamisa ezisebenzelayo kubeka ama-rigs ane-multi-angle mast njengemishini ebaluleke kakhulu emisebenzini yokuvuselela izinqe ezisemazweni.
Izinsiza zokumba ezinezikhala eziphansi eziklanyelwe ukuze zisebenze ngaphakathi nezitulweni zimele isigaba esibalulekile sezinsiza ze-geotechnical ezikhethekile ngaphakathi komongo obanzi wokwesekwa komhlaba nokuphuculwa kwezintaba. Lezi zinhlelo zokumba ezinkulu, ezilula ukuhamba zenzelwe ukusebenza ezindaweni ezivulekile lapho izinsiza zokumba ezigcwele zingafinyelelwa khona, okwenza zibe zibalulekile emisebenzini yokunamathisela umhlaba ezitulweni, emikhakheni engaphansi, ekutsheni okulalelwayo, nakwezinye izinhlelo ezinamazinga aphansi. Ukufuna lezi zinsiza kuye kwandile kakhulu ekuthuthukiseni amadolobha, ekwakheni izitimela, nasezinhlelweni zezokwakha eziphansi lapho izinkinga zendawo ziwumgomo ophakeme wokwakhiwa. Umsebenzi oyinhloko wezinsiza zokumba ezinezikhala eziphansi emisebenzini yokunamathisela umhlaba uhilela ukubumba izimbobo ezizilawulayo ngezinhlangothi ezilawulwayo nezindlwana ezijulile emhlabathini noma ezithombeni ezizungezile, kulandele ukufakwa kwezinsimbi zensimbi noma izakhi zokwakha umhlabathi ezigcotshwe endaweni. Lezi zinsiza kumele zigcine amandla akho okumba ngesikhathi sevensi ngaphansi kwemikhawulo yepharamitha yephakethe, kuvame ukuthi kudingeke ama-masts akhokhelayo noma ahambayo angabhalwa phansi noma abuye axhaswe phakathi kweziteshi zokumba. Ezindaweni zezitulweni ikakhulukazi, abaphathi kumele babhekane nezindawo ezikhawulelwe zokudla, izimfuneko zokulawula uthuli, kanye nesidingo sokufuduka masinyane njengoba umsebenzi uqhubeka phansi kwesitulo. Lezi zinsiza kumele ziqhubeke zisebenza ngokufanele kokumba kungakhathaliseki ukuthi zifakwe emigqeni yokuhamba yokunciphisa noma kumajazi anemikhono ezitebhisini ezihambayo, ukuqinisekisa ukubumba izimbobo eziyisikhumbuzo, ukubumba izimbobo ezimile, nokujula okungashintshi phakathi kwezimo zomhlaba ezihlukene kanye nezithombe zezitshalo. Izimo zomhlaba ezitholwa emisebenzini yokunamathisela umhlaba nokuphuculwa kwezintaba zihluke ukusuka emhlabathini okukhukhulelayo nakuma-clays ahlangene kuya ezithombeni eziphukile, kudinga izinsiza zokumba ezine-torque eyanele, amandla okubhangqa, kanye nejubane lokujikeleza. Lezi zinsiza zokumba ezinezikhala eziphansi ezisebenza kulezi zindawo kumele ziwuhlanganise umsebenzi wokumba nokuphepha emisebenzini evulekile, kufaka phakathi izinhlelo zokukhanya, ukususa uthuli, nezixazululo ze-visibility zomphathi. Lezi zinsiza zivame ukuthunyelwa ngokuhlanganyela nezinhlelo zokugxila, amathuluzi wokuhlola ukuzinza komhlaba, nezinsiza zokuhlola umthwalo njengengxenye yecebo eliphelele lokuxhasa umhlaba. Izicelo zifaka phakathi ukuphuculwa kwemikhuba yokugijima ezindleleni zokusebenza zamathusi, ukwakha izakhiwo ezikhona ngesikhathi sokumba, ukugcina ubuso bokumba ezinhlelweni zesitimela, ukuvimbela ukuwa kobuso emisebenzini yokumba, nokwengeza izindawo zomhlaba ezibuthakathaka ngesikhathi sokuthuthukiswa okuphansi. Izincazelo zobuchwepheshe bezinsiza zokumba ezinezikhala eziphansi zifaka ukuthi ubude be-mast obuphetheka phakathi kwamamitha angu-2.5 no-4.5, okwenza zifanele izimfuneko zokuphakama eziphansi ngenkathi zigcina izindlwana zokumba zingu-8 kuya ku-30 meters kuncike kumodeli ethile nezimo zomhlaba. Ukukhetha ubuchwepheshe obufanele bezinsiza zokumba emisebenzini yokunamathisela umhlaba ezinezikhala eziphansi kudinga ukuhlolwa okulungile kwemikhawulo ethile yendawo, izicelo zokumba ezilindelwe, izimfuneko ze-pressure yokugxila, kanye nephrofayili ye-geological yemijondolo eqinisiwe. Abakhamphani abakhiqiza lezi zinhlelo ezikhethekile kumele babe nolwazi lwezindlela zokumba ezitholakala kuzo, ukuqonda kwezobuchwepheshe bomhlaba, nokuhlangenwe nakho nezindinganiso zamanje zokwakha eziphathelene nokuhlolwa kokuphakama.
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