Izinto zokuphonsa ezintabeni zithuthukisa ubuchwepheshe bokuzinza komhlaba obuphezulu bokwakhiwa kwezobunjiniyela, obuhloselwe ukuqina nokuqinisekisa izintaba zomhlaba ngokumelene nezingozi zokuphuma nokuqhekeka. Le ndlela yokuphonsa umhlaba ibandakanya ukufaka izikhonkwane zensimbi, izixhumi, kanye nezinto zokunxenxa ezindaweni zezimba ukuze kudluliselwe izinsizakusebenza ezibekwe emhlabeni ozinzile. Le ndlela ibaluleke kakhulu ekuthuthukiseni izinsiza, ekuwakhiweni kwezindlela, ezinkulumeni zokuhamba ngezitimela, emisebenzini yokumba, kanye nezinhlelo zokwakha ezisemadolobheni lapho izintaba ezivamile noma ezikhululiwe zidinga ukuzinza okukhulu ngaphandle kokusebenzisa izakhiwo ezinzima zokugcina. Ukuhlangana komhlaba okuphonswayo kunikeza enye indlela engabizi kunodonga olujolile lwamatshe olwakudala nezinhlelo ze-pile ezifika, okwenza kube yisisombululo esikhethiweyo emkhakheni wezisekelo ezijulile nokuthuthukiswa komhlaba. Le ndlela isebenza ngokuhlanganisa amandla okuphahlazeka kwezindawo ezizungezile kubhuthi yokuxhama, okwandisa ukuzinza kwentaba futhi ivimbele izindlela zokuphuma ezilandelanayo ezingase zinqandakke izakhiwo ezikufuphi nokuphepha kokwakha. Ukufakwa kwezinto zokuphonsa entabeni kudinga imishini ekhethekile yokubhoboza kanye ne-anchoring ehambelana nomfanekiso ophuzi, i-geometry yesibhakabhaka, nezidingo zokwakha zohlobo ngalunye. Abakhi ngokuvamile basebenzisa imishini yokubhoboza ye-rotary, imishini yokubhoboza yokuhlasela, noma imishini yokuphonsa ekhethekile ukuze bakhe imigaqo ngezikhathi ezithile nezimo, ezigoqwe ngemuva ngensimbi zokuphonsa ezibekiwe futhi ziqinisiwe ngohlelo lokudlula. Isigaba sokuklama kwezobuchwepheshe sinezinto ezibalulekile ezibandakanya ubude bezikhonkwane, ukusatshalaliswa kokufakwa, amakhefu okuphakanyiswa, amandla wokukhuphula, kanye nesithako sedoti ukuze kuqinisekiswe uhlu olufanele phakathi kwezikhonkwane nomanyolo ozungezile. Izinhlinzeko zeziqinisekiso zikhombisa ukuthola ukuthola okukhishwa, ukumiswa kokuphakela, kanye nezibukeli ezibukhali ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi konke okufakiwe kuhlangabezana nezidingo ze-specification futhi kunikela ngokuphumelelayo ohlelweni lonke lokuqinisa izintaba. Izicelo zokuphonsa umhlaba ziqhakambisa izimo ezahlukene ze-geotechnical, ukusuka ekuzinziseni izintaba zemvelo ezibhekene nokuphazamiseka nokuhamba kwemikhiqizo ukuze kuqinise izindawo zokumba ezithakazelisayo noma eziphezulu ezimweni zomhlaba ezihlukene. Le ndlela ibonisa ukusebenza kahle ezicutshini, kumathafa, kumajikijolo, kanye nezimo zomhlabathi ezihlanganisiwe lapho amandla okuphikisana afanele angavulwa esivumelwaneni sezikhonkwane zomhlaba. Abaklami basebenzisa ukuphonsa izintaba ekuthuthukiseni iziqwenga, ukusika kwezindlela, ukulungiswa kwemifula, izindonga zamaquarry, ukusekelwa kokumba phansi, kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezimo zomhlaba ezikhona. Izinhlelo zamanje zokuphonsa umhlaba zihlanganisa nezobuchwepheshe zokubuka ezihlanganisa ama-inclinometers, ama-extensometers, kanye namapiezometers ukuze kulandele ukushintsha komhlaba futhi kuqinisekiswe izibikezelo zokusebenza phakathi kokuphumelela kwephrojekthi nempilo yesevisi yokufakwa. Umkhakha wezisekelo ezijulile nokuzinza komhlaba uqhubeka uthola ukwamukela ukuphonsa umhlaba njengesisombululo esiyisisekelo esiyinhloso yokuphatha izingozi zezimba kanye nokwenza kube nokwakha ezindaweni ezinzima. Ngokuhlanganisa izimiso ezivumelekile zokuqonda ze-geotechnical nobuchwepheshe obuphambili bokubhoboza kanye nezindlela zokulawula ikhwalithi, izinto zokuphonsa izintaba ziye zanikela okuphephile okuphakeme kokuzinza komhlaba, isikhathi sokuphothula iphrojekthi esiphansi uma kuqhathaniswa nezokwakha ezijwayelekile, kanye nokunciphisa umthelela wemvelo ngokusebenzisa izindlela ezifanele zokufaka. Abakhiqizi bemishini kanye nabakhi bezisekelo abakhangela ukuthuthukiswa komhlaba baqhubeka bethuthukisa ubuchwepheshe bokuphonsa, ukwakhiwa kwezidoti, nemigomo yokufaka ukuze babhekane nezinselelo ezinzima zokwakha izintaba ezihlukile ezitholakala ezimweni ze-geological, ze-hydrological, nezemvula ezitholakala ekuthuthukisweni kwezinsiza zanamuhla.
Iziqeshana ze-GRP ne-FRP zimelela izixazululo ezithuthukile nezisetshenziswa ekuzinziseni kwamathafa nasezinhlelweni zokubopha umhlabathi emisebenzini ye-geotechnical engineering. Lezi zinto zokwakha ezihlanganisiwe, ezenziwe ngezinto ezinamathambo esikhumba noma ezakhiwe ngofiber, zinikeza ukusebenza okuphezulu ezinhlelweni zokubopha umhlabathi eziklanyelwe ukuvimbela ukuwohloka kwamathafa nokuthuthukisa ukuzinza komhlaba. Ngokungafani nezinsika zensimbi ezidla ukugqwala, iziqukathi ze-GRP/FRP zifika ngokuphelele ekubeni ziqine njalo isikhathi eside, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezinzima zomhlabathi, ezindaweni zasolwandle, noma ezindaweni ezinezimo zamanzi aphakeme. Ukuze zingagqwali, lezi zinto zenza ziphumelela kumaphrojekthi lapho ukumelana nokugqwala kubalulekile futhi izindleko zokugcina isikhathi eside kufanele zinciphise. Iziqeshana ze-GRP ne-FRP zisetshenziswa kakhulu kumaphrojekthi okuvuselela amathafa ezimo ze-geological ehluke-hlukeneyo, kuhlanganisa umhlaba wamakhayithi, amathafa anempundu, kanye nezinhlobo zejolile zomhlaba lapho izindlela zokwakha ezijwayelekile zingase zibe nezinkinga zokuguguleka. Ukufakwa kweziqeshana ze-GRP ne-FRP kulandela izindlela ezisungulwe zokubopha umhlabathi ezihlanganisa ukukhiya izimbobo ezikwehlile kumathafa, ukufaka iziqeshana ezihlanganisiwe, nokuhlobisa kahle ngaphakathi komhlaba. Imishini ethile yokukhukhumala ekwazi ukuhlinzeka ngamabhoshongo angakukholwa iyadingeka ukuze ifakwe kahle, lapho ubude beziqeshana obujwayelekile bujwayele ukuba phakathi kuka-5 no-15 amamitha kuye ngokwakhiwa kwamathafa kanye nezidingo zokuzinza. Inqubo yokuhlobisa, esebenzisa izinhlelo zokuhlobisa ezisekelwe kumatshe noma ezisekelwe kumaresini, iqinisekisa ukuhlanganiswa okuphelele phakathi kweziqeshana nomhlaba ozungezile, ukudala umthamo ophathekayo oqinile ophikisa ukwehla kwe-shear. Ukulandelanisa kokufakwa kuqala phezulu kuze kube phansi kumathafa, kuvame ukuhlanganiswa nezici ezithile ezifana ne-shotcrete noma amaphaneli aqinile omhlabathi ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuzinza kwendawo futhi kugcinwe umhlaba ophephile. Ukuqinisekiswa kokuthile ngesikhathi sokufakwa kubandakanya ukuqinisekiswa kwemigqa yamabhoshongo, ukuqinisekiswa kokuphothulwa kokuhlobisa ngokuthatha izilinganiso zendlela yokuhlobisa, kanye nezivivinyo ze-load testing ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi kukhona amandla aphezulu okuhamba. Iziqeshana ze-GRP ne-FRP ziwusizo kakhulu kumaphrojekthi abhekene nezimo zemvelo, ukuvuselela umhlaba ophukile, kanye nezindawo ezidinga ukuqinisa okungesona insimbi ngenxa yokuxhumana nezinsizakalo noma izimo ze-electromagnetic. Iziqeshana ezilula zenziwa kube lula ukuhamba nokufaka kumazinga izinsimbi, kwehlisa izidingo zemishini nezikhathi zamaphrojekthi. Lezi zinto zisebenza kahle kakhulu ezimweni zomhlaba ophezu komswakama, umhlaba wokwakha, nezindawo ezinomsebenzi ophusile, okwenza kube izixazululo ezikhethwayo ezindaweni zokwakha umgoqo wezitimela, iziqeshana zomgwaqo, nezindawo zokugcina amathafa edolobheni lapho ukuvinjelwa kwendawo kanye nokuvikelwa kwemvelo kubaluleke kakhulu. Ukuhlaziywa kwezindleko-nezindawo kunezizathu ezenzakalayo ezikhetha izixazululo ze-GRP/FRP ezindleleni ezindala lapho ukunciphisa ukugcinwa, ukuxazulula izinkinga ezidinga ukuguga, kanye nezimpilo zezinqubo zesistimu ezinde zenza izinzuzo zomnotho ezinkulu phakathi nesikhathi sokusebenza kwesakhiwo.
Ukuvikelwa kokudlula emihlekeleleni lokuhlasela umhlaba kuveza umkhakha obalulekile wamasu wezobunjiniyela owenza uqinisekise ukuqina isikhathi eside nokwakhiwa kwemikhumbi yokukhulisa izigaba. Lapho imibono, evamise ukufakwa kwi-steel, ifakwe ezimweni ezihlukahlukene zomhlabathi kanye nezikhukhula, ibhekana nokuchayeka okuqhubekayo ezimeni ezinomthelela wokuhlubuka. Inselelo eyinhloko ikwi ukuvimbela ukonakala kwesilinganiso se-steel, esinganciphisa kakhulu amandla okuthwala nokusebenza kwemisebenzi yokukhulisa isimo sepente konke isikhathi sayo sokwakhiwa. Le msebenzi ehlukile ifaka phakathi ukuklama, ukuchaza, nokwenza izinyathelo zokuvikela ezivikela imibono futhi ziqinisekise ukusebenza okuthembekile ngaphakathi kwesikhathi sabo sokusebenza, esingase sande ngenxa yokwakhiwa okungapheli noma okuyingxenye ehlobene nama-geotechnical. Izinhlelo zokuvikela ezisetshenziselwa ukuvikela ukuguguleka kwezigaba zokuhlobisa zifaka ukufaka izidlo zokuvikela ezinjenge-epoxy noma izinhlelo ze-polyurethane, ukukhethwa kwezinto ze-nail ze-stainless steel noma i-galvanized, i-grout ehambisana ne-cement, kanye nasezindaweni eziyi-aggressive, izinhlelo zokuvikela ze-impressed current noma i-galvanic cathodic. Ababhali balungisa izimo ze-geotechnical ezithile zendawo ngokuhlola umhlabathi ngokuningiliziwe, ukuhlaziywa kokhemikhali, nokuhlolwa kwe-electrochemical ukuze bahlule izimo zokuguguleka zomhlaba ozungezile futhi benze izichazamazwi zokuvikela ezifanele. Izinkomba zokuqinisekisa ezibalulekile zifaka izinga le-pH lomhlabathi, ukuncibilika kwamanzi, ukucindezelwa kwe-chloride ion, okuqukethwe kwe-sulfate, izinga le-oxygen elihlanjululwe, kanye nokumelana kwe-electrical komhlabathi jikelele. Ikhwalithi ye-grout kanye nohlu lwe-cement kudlala indima ebalulekile ekuvikelweni kokuguguleka, njengoba ama-grout anokungena okuphansi, amafomu anekhwalithi ephezulu enza izithiyo ezisebenza ngempumelelo zomzimba nezokhemikhali ngokumelene nokungena kwe-ion ezishisayo ne-oxygen. Izimbobo ze-stainless steel ziveza izingxenye ezithuthuke kakhulu zokumelana nokuguguleka ezindaweni ezimenywa kahle, kanti iziphakamiso ezifakwe nge-epoxy zinikeza izendlalelo zokuvikela ezithe xaxa kwizimbobo ze-steel ezijwayelekile, kanti izindlela eziningi zokuvikela zihlala zicaciswa ezinhlelweni ezibucayi zokwakha. Imishini ethile nezinto ezisekela izinhlelo zokuvikela ukuguguleka zifaka ubuchwepheshe bezokufaka izidlo, ukukhiqizwa kwezimbobo ze-stainless steel namakhono enethiwekhi yokuhlinzeka, izinhlelo zokuxuba ze-grout ezisebenza kahle nezinhlelo zokufaka nomfutho, kanye nezinsiza zokuhlola ze-electrochemical. Iprojekthi yethu yokukhulisa izigaba ibandakanya ama-devices ukuqapha okwenzekayo okungaba ngokoqobo nokuhlola okuzenzakalelayo ukuze kulandele ukusebenza okuphilayo kwesistimu yokuvikela nokufakazela izimo zokwakha kuyo yonke inqubo yephrojekthi. Ukuvikelwa kokuguguleka kuba kubaluleke kakhulu ezinhlelweni eziphathelene nokukhulisa izigaba ezinzima ezindaweni eziphezulu zobungozi, izinhlelo zokuthuthukisa ezisemadolobheni, ama-corri dors wezokuthutha, nezindawo zemboni noma zokumbiwa lapho ukungcoliswa kokhemikhali okuphakeme kunikeza izinselelo ezengeziwe. Iprojekthi enezindonga ezijulile emhlabeni ophukile, izindonga ezikhiphwe eziphathelene ne-geotechnical enezimo ezingezinhle, nezindonga ezindaweni zasolwandle noma ezimbonini ezinesimo sezinto zokuhlasela okukhuluma nezokukhemikhali zidinga izichazamazwi zokuvikela ukuguguleka ezihamba phambili. Kubahlanganyeli be-TerraForce abakhethiwe, okuhlanganisa abakhi beziqalo, abanjiniyela be-geotechnical, abakhiqizi bemishini, kanye nabahlinzeki bezinto, ubuchwepheshe obukhombisayo bokuklama ukuvikelwa kokuguguleka nokufinyelela ezindaweni zokuvikela eziphakeme nezinhlelo zokufaka ziwumthombo wobuchwepheshe obuhlukile ekuletheni izixazululo zokukhulisa izigaba eziphephile, eziqina ezihlangabezana nezidingo zokusebenza zesikhathi eside kanye nezindinganiso zokuhambisana nemithetho.
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