Izigayo

--- Izinsiza zokuthwala umhlabathi zihlala zingenziwa ngezinjongo ezikhethekile zokwakha izindonga zomhlabathi nezithiyo, zenzelwe ukwenza ngokulawula ukukhipha umhlabathi, ukukhipha izinto, nokuvuselela umhlabathi ekwakheni izindonga ze-diagram, izithiyo, izindonga ze-secant pile, kanye nezinsiza zokugaya. Lezizinsiza zokwakha zifaka izakhi ezibalulekile ezisebenzela izinhlelo ezisizayo ezivumela ukukhetha kahle ekwakhiweni komhlaba ongaphansi, zisebenza njengezinhlelo eziyinhloko ezivikela abaklami ukufinyelela ekukhululeni, ekukhipheni izinto, nasekuphuculeni umhlabathi ukuze kudalwe izithiyo ezinzima noma zesikhashana eziphathelene nemifantu yezindawo ezixubene ne-granular. Ekusebenzeni okwenziwayo, izinsiza zokuthwala umhlabathi zisebenza ezindleleni eziningi zokwakha ezinzulu. Ngaphakathi kokwakha izindonga ze-diagram, zisebenzisa ukukhipha ibhodi ngebhodi ngenkathi i-bentonite slurry igcina ukusimama kwesikhala sokugaya futhi ivimbele ukuwa komhlaba. Ekufakeni izithiyo—kungaba i-soil-cement-bentonite (SCB) noma i-cement-bentonite (CB)—izinsiza zokuthwala umhlabathi zixuba futhi zibeka izinto ezinezinto ezithile emigodini ebekwe ngaphambili ukuze zakhe izithiyo ze-hydraulic zokugcina ukungcola nokulawula ukuhamba kwamanzi. Ekufakeni i-secant pile kanye ne-sheet pile, izinsiza zokuthwala umhlabathi zikhulula umhlabathi ofanele, ziqinisekisa ukuxhumana, kanye nokusekelwa kwezinsiza ezihambisana. Izinsiza zokugaya zisebenzisa izinsiza zokuthwala umhlabathi ukwenza izikhala zokufinyelela nokuphatha ama-spoil aphuma ekukhulumeni komhlaba. Isimiso sokusebenza sihamba ngezinjini eziqhubekayo noma eziqhuba ngezindlela ezinqunyiwe ezithinta umhlaba owomile nowomile, zikhupha izinto ezingaphezulu ngenkathi zigcina ubuhlobo obuqinile nokulawula ukujula. Izinhlelo zanamuhla zisebenzisa okubamba okusebenza nge-hydraulic noma ama-Kelly bars anezinsiza zokugaya ezikhethekile ezithola ukujula okulungiselelwe, ngenkathi ukuhamba kwe-slurry kugcina ubunjalo besikhala sokugaya kanye nokugcinwa komhlaba. Izinto ezigqokezi zikhishwa njenge-slurry (umsebenzi wezindonga ze-diagram) noma njenge-spoil ehlukile efuna ukuphathwa. Ukuze siqinisekise ukunemba kokwakha, kusebenzisa ama-inclinometer kagesi nezinsiza zokuhlola ukujula eziqinisekisa ukusizakala ngokwenziwa komhlaba okujwayelekile kwe-±100 mm kuya ku-±150 mm phezu kokujula kwezindonga. Izimo zokusebenza zihluka ngokuya ngezimo zejoloji kanye nezidingo zokwakha. Izinhlelo zokuphathelena ezikhangiweyo (ngokuvamile ku-0.6 m³ kuya ku-2.5 m³) ziqinisekisa izixazululo ezigcina izindleko emhlabeni ohloniphekile. Izinhlelo ze-hydrofraise ezine-wheels ezijikelezayo zikwazi ukuzungeza izimo ezinzima nezikhala zecement ezidlangalaleni ezijulile ezingaphezu kuka-100 m. Ama-tremie nama-Kelly bar, axhaswa ngezikhumbuzo zemishini ze-hydraulic ezineziqu zegibha ezingu-1,000 kuya ku-5,000 kN, akwazi ukuhlinzeka ngokuqondiswa okuhle emaprofayili omhlaba ahlukeneyo. Ubukhulu bezikhwama buhluka ukusuka ku-0.3 m³ emsebenzini wokwakha onembile kuya ku-4.0 m³ kokukhipha izinto eziningi. Izindlela zokukhetha zigxila ekujulekeni kokwakhiwa (okubalulekile kumandla ezikhumbuzo namathayi we-Kelly), okufana nomhlaba (ukukhuluma kwezihlahla kuthinta izici ze-slurry; usayizi wegravel unquma ukukhetha phakathi kwe-grab noma i-hydrofraise), izidingo zokukhuluma, isikhala esitholakalayo sokusebenza, kanye nezokuphathwa kwe-spoil. Izidingo zokuthuthukisa umhlabathi—njengokuthuthukiswa komhlaba nge-polymer noma izithako ze-bentonite—zithinta ukuqina kwezinhlelo nezinga lokuhamba (ngokuvamile ku-50 ukuya ku-150 m³/ihora emitholampilo ye-diagram). Izindinganiso ezihambelanayo zifaka i-EN 1538 (izindonga ze-diagram emhlabathini: izincazelo zemisebenzi) kanye ne-EN 14731 (jet grouting), ezibeka izidingo zokusebenza zokuqondiswa, ukulawula umhlaba, nokuqinisekisa ukusimama. I-ISO 22475-1 ibhekisa ekwenzeni uhlelo lwejoloji, ikhuluma ngezinketho zokukhetha izinsiza. I-DIN 4126 inikeza izeluleko zesiJalimane mayelana nokwakhiwa nokusebenza kwe-slurry wall.