Ukugrouta kweFissure

Ukugrouta kwabakuziqiwe kuyi ndlela ebalulekile yokwelashwa okuphansi emkhakheni wokwakha izisekelo ezijulile nezezimilo ze-geotechnical, ikakhulukazi ukuklwebha nokuqinisa izikhala, imifantu, nezimo ezingapheli emathafeni aphansi kokwakhiwa kwezizindalwazi. Le ndlela ethuthukisiwe yokuthuthukisa umhlaba ibandakanya ukufaka kancane okokwakha okwenziwe nge-cementitious noma izinto ze-chemical grout kwi-geological discontinuities ekhona ukuze kubuyiswe ubuqotho bokwakha, kuncishiswe ukungena kwamanzi, futhi kukhuphuke amandla okuthwala ezimeni ezinzima zokuphansi. Ukugrouta kwabakuziqiwe kubalulekile ikakhulukazi emisebenzini yokwakha lapho amathafa aphansi ebonisa ukuxhumanisa kwemvelo, ukwakheka, noma ukujulukutha okuthinta ukusimama kwezisekelo noma kuvumele ukungena kokungcontrolwa kwamanzi kokufaka. Le nqubo ibhekana nezikhala eziphansi nezindawo ezibuthakathaka ezingalungiswa kahle ngemicimbi ejwayelekile yokushayisa ama-pile noma izindlela zokwelapha umhlaba, okwenza kube kubalulekile ekwakhiweni kwezisekelo emaphandleni anenkanyezi yezinhlanga noma izithombe ze-rock ezingajwayelekile. Ukuphumelela kokugrouta kwabakuziqiwe kudinga ukuqonda okunembile kwezimo zemvelo, okufinyelelwa ngokuhlolwa okuphelele kwendawo, ukukhiqizwa kwemigodi, nokuhlolwa kwekhwalithi ye-rock ngaphambi kokwelashwa. Abaklami basebenzisa izindlela zokugrouta ezingaphezi zamafantu amakhulu nezindlela zokufaka ezinamandla kakhulu ze-microcracks, ngokucophelela okuqondisa ingcindezi yokufaka ukuvimbela ukwakheka kwemigodi noma ukushelela okungafuneki. Izinto ezijwayelekile ze-grout zifaka phakathi izixazululo ezisekelwa ku-Portland cement, amafomula e-cement e-ultrafine ye-microscale fractures, nezinhlelo ezimbili ze-component epoxy noma polyurethane lapho ukuhlala kwezinto noma ukumelana namanzi kubalulekile. Ukukhetha uhlobo lwe-grout kuncike ebubanjweni bekhanda, ezimweni zamanzi aphansi, izidingo zokusebenza zesikhathi eside, kanye nokuhambisana nezimu ze-geological ezizungezile. Imishini ebalulekile ezinqubweni zokugrouta kwabakuziqiwe ifaka phakathi imishini yokuborehole nezinto zokufaka ezikahle zokwakha imigodi, ama-packers ukuze kuhlukaniswe izikhathi zokufaka, izipompo zokuhlola noma izipompo zesiqalo ezikwazi ukuhlela ingcindezi ngokunembile, nemishini yokuhlola ingcindezi yokufaka ngesikhathi sangempela nokulandela ukusetshenziswa kwe-grout. Imisebenzi yokugrouta ivame ukuqhutshelwa ubude be-10 kuya kwama-100+ amamitha phansi, idinga ukubambisana nezinye izenzo zokwakha ezisekelweni njengezokufaka ama-pile, ukuwa kwama-caisson, noma ukwesekwa kokubunjwa okujulile. Ukugrouta kwabakuziqiwe kufaka isicelo esibanzi ezimweni ezihlukahlukene zezezimilo zokwakha kuhlanganisa ukwakhiwa kwezinqolobane ezinkulu, izakhiwo ezingaphansi, izibambo zomqondo, nezinsiza zemboni lapho izisekelo ze-rock ezizinzile ziyadingeka. Ezimweni lapho amathafa aphansi ebonisa ukujulukutha okukhulu eduze kwezinga eliphezulu noma aqukethe izinto zodaka ze-karstified limestone ezimnandi yokuthola izikhala, ukugrouta kwabakuziqiwe kuvimbela ukuhamba ngokuhlanganyela futhi kuqinisekise ukusabalala komthwalo ojwayelekile ngaphansi kwezisekelo zama-pile noma izinyathelo ezinsunlini. Le ndlela iphinde yehlise ubungozi obuhambisana nokungena kwamanzi ezinsizakalweni zasekhaya, ikakhulukazi emaphandleni anezimo zamanzi aphansi ezinemithombo ye-artesian noma izinhlelo eziyinkimbinkimbi ze-aquifer ezidlula emathafeni aphansi athintekayo. Iphrojekthi yokugrouta kwabakuziqiwe yanamuhla ihlanganisa ukukala ingcindezi edijithali, ukutholwa kwezibalo ngesikhathi sangempela, kanye neziqinisekiso zokuhlola ikhwalithi ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ukufaka i-grout kuhambisana nezindinganiso zokwakha. Ukuvumela okuqondile kokugrouta kwabakuziqiwe kuvame ukuncika ekunciphiseni izidingo zokukhipha amanzi, kunciphisa izindleko zokuphakamisa izisekelo, futhi kuqedele lokhu okudingekayo kwemikhiqizo yokuthuthukisa umhlaba eyimfumba efana nezindonga ezimaphakathi zamasentimitha amakhulu noma i-tangent pile walls emathafeni aphansi aphukile.