Izinsiza eziphathelene ne-jet grouting ziqukethe izinhlelo ezibalulekile zokweseka, izingxenye, kanye nemishini evumela ukwenziwa kwemisebenzi ye-jet grouting ngaphakathi kwezinhlelo zokwakha izisekelo ezijulile nokuthuthukiswa komhlaba. Ngenkathi imishini eyinhloko ye-jet grouting ihlinzeka ngamajethi agxilisiwe adala imizimba ye-soil-cement ethile enezikhala, izinhlelo eziphathelene qinisekisa ukuhlinzekwa okuqinisekisiwe kwensalela, ukufinyelela okuphezulu, ukumiswa kokugeleza, nokuphathwa ngokuphepha kwemfucumfucu yonke inqubo yokugrouta. Lezi zinhlelo zibalulekile ukuze kutholakale ukusebenza kahle, ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi, nokuphepha kwamasebenzi emisebenzini ye-jet grouting eyihlanganisa izinkanyezi zokuphela, ukuzinzisa umhlabathi, kanye nezivimbelo zokuphela kwamanzi. Izinsiza ze-jet grouting zithola ukusetshenziswa okuyinhloko ekwakhiweni kwezindonga ze-diaphragm, lapho zisekela izivimbelo eziphekiwe ze-jet ezilawula ukugeleza kwamanzi futhi zibonisa ukuvumela okuphambili. Kwezicelo ze-cutoff curtain—ikakhulu ngaphansi kwezithjloko, ekubuyiseni okuphathelene nezindawo ezimnyama, nasezindlini eziphansi—ama-ancillary systems agcina umehluko wombuso we-pressures kanye nezici zensalela ezibalulekile ukuze kwakhiwe ukusebenza okufanayo kwezivimbelo. Imisebenzi yokuhlanganisa umhlabathi generaye ama-columna ye-soil-cement yokweseka izisekelo noma ukuzinza kwezintaba iwele kuzincika ezinsizeni ukuze kuhlinzekwe izinga lokugeleza le-sluary elihlangene futhi lo mapharamitha we-hydrostatic aphathwe. Iphazili lokusebenza ihilela ukulungiselelwa okuhle kokuqhekeka noma okukhanyayo kwe-sluary, ukufaka ukucindezela ku-300-600 bar ngesikhathi se-pumps, ukuhlinzeka ngama-hoses aphakeme kumonitor ye-jet efakwe kumshini omkhulu, kanye nokuhlanganiswa nokuphatha kwemfucumfucu yokubuyisela kanye nensalela eyengeziwe. Izinhlelo eziphathene kontrola isigaba ngasinye: izitshalo zokusuka ezinamapaddle noma ama-ribbon mixers ziqinisekisa i-sluary efanayo; amathanka okuhlukanisa anama-compartments wokuhlala kanye nezingwegwe zokugeza ukuphatha ukususa insalela; abakhi bokucindezela kanye nezinhlelo zokuhlola ukuhlinzeka ngamapharamitha wokufaka ngaphansi kwespecification; nezivakashi eziqhuba insalela ephekiwe iphathe kubhuku yokulahla noma yokuphinda. Izindawo zomshini ngaphakathi kwalesi sigaba ziqukethe ama-units ok preparing slurry anebanga elingu-20-100 cubic meters, ngokuya ngosayizi wephrojekthi; impompo ezinzima eziphezulu noma ze-quintuplex ezikhokhelwa ukucindezela (ngokuvamile 75-300 kW) ezilungiselelwe amanxeba kazinhlangothi zensalela ezinezingxenye eziyizinto eziyi-40 ngokwezinga; amathanka ahlukene nezokuhlukana anezithombe zamapaneli zokuhluka kahle; ama-manifolds aphezulu ngama-valve amabili athintele; izihlonzi zensalela namathuluzi okucindezela ukuphatha ukulandelela inqubo ngesikhathi sangempela; kanye nezinhlelo zokuphakela noma ze-pneumatic zokuhlinzeka ngempuphu ye-cement ephuma kumasilo. Izinkomba zokukhetha zihlanganisa ukucaciswa kwesithako se-sluary kanye nezinga lokutholakala, ubungako be-columna obuhlosiwe (ngokuvamile 0.8-3.0 meters), ubude bokwelashwa (ukuze kufike ku-50+ meters), i-stratigraphy yomhlabathi, kanye nekhono lokuphatha amanzi ajulile. Ochwepheshe bahlola ukukhanjiswa kwamapump ngokumelene nokulahleka kwempilo okuncike ebude, ukusebenza kwabahlukanisi benketho ye-binder ethile (i-Portland cement, i-microcement, noma okwakhiwa kwemithi), kanye nekhono lokuhlukanisa okuphathelene nezinga lemfucumfucu elilindelekile. Ukuvunyelwa kwemigomo ye-EN 14679 (Ukusebenza kwemisebenzi ye-geotechnical ekhethekile—Jet grouting) kanye ne-ISO 14688 (Uphenyo lwe-geotechnical kanye nohlolo—Ukukhomba nokuhlukaniswa komhlabathi) kulawula ukucaciswa kwezinto kanye nezindlela zokuhlola ikhwalithi. I-DIN 4126 inikeza umhlahlandlela owengeziwe wokucindezela kokugrouta nemigomo ye-columna emakethe ekhuluma ngesiJalimane.
Ama-excavator ayiwusizo olukhulu emsebenzini wokwakha izisekelo ezijulile, esebenza njengohlelo oluyisisekelo lokulungiselela umhlaba, ukususa impahla, kanye nokubeka imishini ngesikhathi sokwakhiwa kwezindonga zomhlaba, ama-cutoff curtain, nezakhiwo eziphathelene nezimpahla zokugcina umhlaba. Ngaphakathi kwecala labodwana, izindonga ze-sheet pile, ama-cutoff curtain, kanye nezinhlelo ze-secant pile, ama-excavator avumela ukulungiselelwa kwesayithi, ukumba imithombo, kanye nezinhlelo zokuphatha impahla ezisekela ukwakheka kwemikhawulo nokonga kwemali kwalezi zikhala ezingaphansi komhlaba. Ezigabeni zokusebenza ezijulile, ama-excavator asebenza ezingeni eziningi zokusebenza. Ngesikhathi sokulungiselelwa kwesayithi sokuqala, asusa izithiyo ebusweni, asuse imikhondo, futhi asungule amapulatifomu okusebenza kokwakhiwa kwezindonga zokuhola kanye nezinhlelo zokugcina i-slurry. Ekufakweni kwezindonga zebhodi, ama-excavator abalulekile ekumbeni imithombo esekelwa yi-slurry, evame ukuba phakathi kuka-0.6 kuya ku-1.2 amamitha ububanzi nezindonga eziwugqinsi ezingaphezu kwama-100 amamitha kumaphrojekthi amakhulu. Ngemuva kokufakwa kwekhonkrithi, ama-excavator akhipha izinhlelo zokuhlala zesikhashana futhi asuse isakhiwo sendonga yokuhola. Emaphumeleleni ama-cutoff curtain—okungaba ekwenziweni njengama-wall ashaywe zidonswayo (soil-cement-bentonite - SCB), ama-colum ashaywe nge-jet, noma ama-curtain e-deep soil mixing (DSM)—ama-excavator aphatha ukususa ukugxuma, alungiselela imikhondo yokufinyelela yemishini, futhi asekele ukufakwa kwezinhlelo zokukhipha amanzi. Ekukhiqizweni kwezindonga ze-secant pile kanye ne-sheet pile, ama-excavator asiza ekuhloleni izikhala zokuqala, ukulungiselela izimbobo zokuqala, nokususa izithiyo ezisemkhatsini. Umqondo wokusebenza ubandakanya izigaba zokumba ezenziwa ngohlelo lwe-backhoe bucket (olukwazi ukwakheke ngezinsiza zethuluzi ezijwayelekile noma ezinzima) ezikwenziwa, zikhiphe, futhi ziqoqa impahla ebumbeni. Ama-excavator ajwayelekile asebenzayo (25-50 tonnes) afanelekile emsebenzini ophakathi noma ophakeme, kanti imishini enokusebenza okukhulu (80-200+ tonnes) iyadingeka ekumbeni imithombo ye-slurry ejulile, ekuphumezeni izinhlelo ezimisiwe emhlabathini oguquguqukayo, kanye nokususwa okungapheli kwegxuma. Izinhlobo ezinde (ukuze kufike ku-30-meter boom extension) zikhuthaza ukufakwa kwempahla kumathrekhi noma ezindaweni zokugcina zesikhashana ngaphandle kokushintsha kakhulu, kulimaza ubuciko benqubo yesizinda. Izimo zemishini ezifumanekayo zifaka phakathi ama-backhoe moduli ajwayelekile anama-bucket teeth aqinile, izinguquko ezinzima ezinezikhumbuzo ezenziweyo futhi zikhuphukile endaweni yokugcina i-bucket ukuze ziwumhlabathi ogxilile noma i-limestone, i-tiltrotator-equipped variants evumela ukukhipha kwebhakede okumaphakathi ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphathwa kwemali yokugcina emikhatsini emincane, nezisebenzelayo ezikhethekile zokukhipha izikhumba ezinokungena okuphezulu kanye ne-damping systems yokuphatha izithiyo ezifanele ngesikhathi sokudonswa. Izimo zokukhetha zihlanganisa umthamo we-bucket (1.5-4.0 m³ ezinhlelweni zezakhiwo), ukuhleleka kokumba okukhulu (kufanele kudlule ubukhulu bokugcina bendonga ngamamitha ama-2-3), ukufinyelela nokuthuthuka kwemishini (okubaluleke kakhulu ezindaweni zokuhlala ezisemqoka), ukusetshenziswa kwamafutha kanye nezilinganiso zokukhishwa (okwandayo ukulawulwa ezindaweni ezimaphakathi), isipiliyoni sokuphathwa kwemishini ye-slurry, kanye nokwesekwa komkhiqizi emithonjeni yezingxenye eziphindaphindayo kanye nezinsizakalo zomkhiqizo endaweni yephrojekthi. Izimo zomhlabathi—ikakhulukazi amandla, ukuhamba, nokuba khona kwamanzi emhlabathini—kukhombisa ngokukhulu ubuhlakani ukukhethwa kwezinhlobo ze-bucket kanye nezinga lokugqoka kwemishini. Izincazelo ezihambisanayo zihlanganisa i-ISO 6012 (ukusebenza kokukala ama-excavator amakhulu ahlanzekile), i-EN 474-1 (ukuphepha kwemishini yokumba umhlaba), kanye nezindinganiso zokukhishwa zezifunda (STAGE V e-EU, Tier 4 eNyakatho Melika). Amaphrojekthi ahlangabezana nezimfuneko zokulondolozwa kwemvelo noma ukufinyelelela angadinga imishini yokukhishwa okuphansi kakhulu noma ama-carrier amancane ukuze kuncishiswe umthelela wemvelo nokuphazamiseka komsindo ezindaweni ezithambile.
Ama-backhoe loaders iyimishini elula, eyenziwe ngamasondo noma iziqephu ezithutha umhlaba, enezinhliziyo ezimbili ezihlanganisiwe: ibhakede eliqondile elikhululekile phambili nesikhwama sokumba esikhaleni esingemuva esinobhakede obuhlangene. Ngokuqhubeka kokuqala nezinsiza zokwakha ezinzima zokwakha izisekelo ezijulile kanye nezindonga zomhlaba, ama-backhoe loaders adlalela indima ebalulekile njengemishini esiza ukuphakamisa imisebenzi eyinhloko yokwakha yamawalladi wamadibha, izicathulo zokuphuma, izinhlu zezakhiwo ze-secant kanye ne-tangent pile, izindonga ze-sheet pile, kanye nezifakeli ze-jet grouting. Le mishini ayenzi ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo eziyinhloko, kodwa inikeza ukwesekwa okubalulekile kwe-logistics, ukubhoboza, nokuphatha impahla okuvumela ukuqhuba kahle kwemisebenzi ethile yokwakha izisekelo. Ama-backhoe loaders asetshenziswa ezifundeni eziningi zokwakha izindonga zomhlaba. Ngesikhathi sokulungiselela indawo, ahlola futhi ahlukanise amabhithi ezisekelo, alawula ukuhlela impahla ebanjiwe yenziwa kanye nomhlaba ophumile, futhi ilungisa izindlela zokufinyelela ezilayisheni ezinzima zokubhoboza kanye nezinsiza zokukhama. Ngesikhathi sokwakha esisebenzayo, aphatha ukuhamba kwemikhiqizo emikhulu kuhlanganise ukulungisa nokwabiwa kwe-bentonite slurry, ukuhamba kwezinsiza zokwenziwa kwensimbi, ukuhamba kwemikhono yokubhoboza kanye nemiphetho, nokukhipha okuqhubekayo kokukhipha emadlalweni ewumugqa wamadibha noma emigqeni yokukhama ethulwe. Isikhwama sokumba esisemuva sihlinzeka indawo ethile yokuphuma nokukhipha impahla ezindaweni ezinomkhawulo, kuyilapho umtshali ophambili uhlinzeka ngamandla okuphatha impahla amaningi, okwenza ama-backhoe loaders akhethekile kumaendawo anezithiyo zomhlaba noma izigaba ezinzima lapho ukuhamba kwemikhiqizo okunembile kubalulekile. Umqondo wokusebenza uhlanganisa amasistimu amabili e-hydraulic azimele: ama-hydraulics obhonzu anikeza ukuphakamisa nokulawula ibhakede ukuze kusebenze phambili, kuyilapho ama-hydraulics ama-backhoe asebenza ngenkanyezi, isikhumba, kanye nebhakede elingemuva ngokuzimela. Le msebenzi emibili ivumela abakhiqizi ukuba balekelele, babhobe, futhi bahlukanise impahla njalo. Ezindaweni ze-diagram, ama-backhoe loaders alawula i-clay noma i-sand slurry esekela izindonga ze-trench, agcine izimpahla ezikhashiweyo, futhi aphathe izivolumu zomhlaba ezihambile. Ukuze kufakwe izinhlinzeko ezikhama esikhathini sokusebenzisa i-jet grouting techniques, le mishini ibeka futhi ihambisa iziqu ze-grouting slurry futhi ilawule amakhemikhali e-cement. Izinhlelo ze-tangent kanye ne-secant pile zithola izinzuzo ekuqondiseni kahle ibhakede ze-backhoe loaders zokuhambela nokuphatha imikhono. Izikhala ezitholakalayo zifaka ama-loader anamasondo angu-rigid-frame anesisindo sokusebenza esivela phakathi kwezitho ezintathu kuya kwezine, okukuhle kwama-platfomu asezingeni eliphezulu, kanye nezinguquko ezihambile ezine-pressure ephansi (0.4–0.8 MPa) eyenzelwe imithofu ethambile, ethokozisa, noma ehlanzekile. Amandla wokuwela kahle ajwayele ukufika ukusuka ku-0.1 kuya ku-0.35 cubic meters, namazinga okumba aphakathi kuka-4 kuya ku-5.5 metres. Izixhumi ezikhethekile zifaka ama-grapple buckets okuhweba izinhlanga, ama-plates anomagazini okuthola insimbi, kanye nezinhlelo zokuxhuma ezisheshayo ezivumela ushintsho lokusebenza olusheshayo. Izinhlelo zokukhetha zifaka umthwalo we-sithebhu endaweni yokusebenza kanye nesikhala esitholakalayo, ivolumu impahla edingekayo kanye nezinga lokuphatha, izimo zomhlaba kanye nengxenye yesikhathi (isikhathi esinomswakama vs isikhathi esomile esidinga izinguquko ezihambile), ukuhambisana kokuhamba kwemifula endaweni nokuphathwa kwe-slurry, kanye nemikhakha ye-skills yokusebenza. Izindleko zokuhamba, ukusetshenziswa kwefutha, nezinsiza zokugcinwa endaweni ziwumgomo wezomnotho ohlobene. Izindinganiso zomhlaba wonke zekhomithi ISO 6165 (ukuhlukaniswa kwemishini yokuthutha umhlaba), ISO 11001 (izidingo zokuphepha), kanye nemiyalo yemishini yasekhaya (2006/42/EC) ilawula ukuklama nokusebenza, nakuba ama-backhoe loaders avame ukuba khona ezindinganiso ezithile eziphathelene nezisekelo (EN 14104, DIN 4123) eziphathelene nemishini yokwakha eyinhloko.
Izinkalo eziphakanyisiwe zimelela isigaba esibalulekile somshini esisemqoka ekwakhiweni, ukuhlanganiseni, nasekuxhaseni ukusebenza kwezindonga zomhlaba nezinhlelo zokugwema emkhakheni wokwakha izisekelo eziyindilinga. Lezi zixhobo zinikeza ikhono elisemqoka lokuphatha kahle okudingekayo ukuze kufakwe, kuthathwe, futhi kubekwe izingxenye ezinzima zokwakha nezokusebenza, okungabe kungakwazi ukufakwa ngesandla noma ngezinye izindlela. Emkhakheni wokwakha we-geotechnical, izinkalo eziphakanyisiwe zisebenza njengendlela eyinhloko yokulawula nokubeka imithwalo ngesikhathi sezinyathelo ezibalulekile zokufaka izindlela zokugwema, zisebenza njengezikhuphukisi zamandla ezivumela ukufakwa okuqondile ezindaweni ezinzima eziphansi. Izinkalo eziphakanyisiwe zisetshenziswa kuyo yonke imikhakha yokuthuthukiswa komhlaba nakwezicelo zokugwema, kuhlanganise nokwakhiwa kwemihlangano yediyaframu lapho ziphatha khona izindonga zensimbi ezigcwele ukhonkolo, amapaneli akhiwe ngaphambi, nezinhlelo zeziqinisekiso zensimbi zesikhashana. Ekufakweni kwemihlangano ye-secant kanye ne-tangent, izinkalo zifaka amagatsha ezimvuthwandaba, ama-tube ezikiwe, nezinto zokuhamba phezulu, zilawula ukufakwa kokwehla emgudwini ngezinga elinembile lokungaphansi kwamasentimitha. Ekufakweni kwemihlangano ye-sheet pile nezicelo ezixhunywe ne-vibro, izinkalo ziqhuba ukufakwa kokuhlangana okwalandelwayo kwezixuku ezihlangene ngesikhathi zigcina i-plumb ne-verticality. Emisebenzini ye-jet grouting nasekuhlanganiseni umhlabathi, izinkalo zixhasa ukufakwa kwezimvula, ama-assemblies wezikhungo zokuhlanganisa, nezinto zokuhlanganisa eziphakamiswayo. Zikhiqiza futhi ukuhlinzeka ngohlelo lokuphathwa kwegcobo, izimboni zokwelapha i-bentonite, nezinhlelo zokuhlinzeka ngamanzi ezibalulekile kokugcina ubuqotho bemigudu. Umqondo wokusebenza wezinkalo eziphakanyisiwe emikhakheni ye-geotechnical uhlanganisa ukujula kwe-mechanical, amandla okuphathela izithuthi, kanye nokulawulwa kwemisebenzi enembile. Izinsiza zanamuhla zifaka izinhlelo ze-hydraulic zokwehlisa nokuphakanyisa ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka, okuyinto ebalulekile yokugcina ukulawula ngesikhathi sokusebenza emigudwini ejulile lapho ukuhamba okuphuthumayo noma izimo zentambo ezithambile zingalimaza ukufakwa noma ziphazamise ubuchwepheshe obuphansi. Izinkalo kufanele zibe nokuphakanyiswa okuqinile, zikhanseli ukushukuma kwemithwalo, futhi zenze ukuba kube nokubeka okuhlengeziwe okuncane kwendawo—izici ezibalulekile uma kufakwa izikhumbuzo ezijulile ezingama-100 metres noma kulawulwa ukuma kwe-sluvy ebangeni bezindonga zediyaframu. Izigaba zezinsiza zifaka izinkalo ezihambayo (ubukhulu bezinsiza eziyithoni ezingama-20-600), izinkalo zamatheku zezindawo zomphakathi ezibucayi, uhlelo lwezigaxa ezikhethekile zokufaka ezihambayo, nezinhlelo ezihlanganisiwe ezakhiwe ngokukhethekile zokusebenza kwezika nokwakhiwa. Izimfanelo eziyi-advanced zifaka izinhlelo zokuhlola imithwalo, ukulawulwa kokungashukumi, kanye namacells wezithuthi angashintshi atholakalayo ngesikhathi sokufakwa. Izingxenye eziningi zamuhla zihlanganiswe nezinhlelo zokuhola nezifakwayo ze-Kelly bar, zisebenza njengengxenye ebalulekile ye-drilling rigs esikhundleni sokuba izinsiza ezimele. Izimfanelo zokukhetha zifaka amandla aphezulu okuphatha uma kuqhathaniswa nezisindo ezihlangene zezingxenye ezifakiwe, ukufinyelela okuphakanyisiwe okudingekayo ngezakhiwo zomsebenzi, izikhala eziphezulu zezindawo zomphakathi noma ezakhelwe, ukuzinza ezimweni zomhlaba ezihlukahlukene, nokuba nekhono lokubeka ngokunembile. Ochwepheshe bahlola izithiyo zebanga lokushukuma, izidingo zokwakha ezixhasayo, nokuhambisana nezakhiwo ze-rig ezikhona. Izimo zemvelo—ukubanga nemigqa yamandla, izakhiwo ezisondelene, nezikhala zokusebenza ezindaweni ezingenalutho—zithonya kakhulu ukukhetha izinsiza. Izindinganiso ezihlobene zifaka i-EN 13000 (izinkalo ezihambayo—ubungozi), i-ISO 4305 (izinkalo ezihambayo—ulimi nokuhlukaniswa), kanye nezincazelo ze-API RP 2A zokuhluka kokusebenza kwemimoya. Izindinganiso ze-DIN zilawula isitifiketi samandla okuphatha nezinqubo zokusebenza.
Ithrekhi eziphakeme zihlala zisebenza njengemikhiqizo yokuhamba esezingeni eliphezulu, eziklamelwe ukuhamba imishini enkulu, esindayo, kanye nemishini enkulu ezindaweni zokwakha izisekelo ezijulile. Njengemishini eyengeziwe, zidlala indima ebalulekile ekuthumeleni ama-rig okumbiwa, ama-piling hammers, ama-vibratory compactors, izikhwama ezingama-sheet piling, neminye imishini yokwakha esetshenziswa ekwenzeni ama-diaphragm walls, ama-cutoff curtains, izinhlelo ze-secant pile, ama-sheet pile walls, izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-jet grouting, kanye nezinsiza zokuxubha umhlabathi. Ukuhanjiswa kwemishini yokwakha izisekelo kubonisa ukubaluleka kokusebenza ekwenzeni izinhlelo zamaphrojekthi, njengoba usayizi nokwakheka kwemishini yokumbiwa nokupilinga yesimanje kuvame ukudlula umthamo wezokuhamba ojwayelekile, kudinga izimoto ezikhethekile ezifanele imithetho yokulayisha ama-axle nezithiyo zenhla zomgwaqo. Ama-low bed trailers anesakhiwo sedekhi esiphansi esibekwe phansi kwezinga le-axle yangemuva yedrayivu, okwenza kube lula ukuhambisa imishini emide — kuhlanganise nezinsika ezedlula amamitha angama-40 — ngenkathi kugcinwa uhlu lwemithetho yesikhumbuzo somgwaqo evame ukusuka kumamitha angu-4.0 ukuya ku-4.5. Amadekhi akhiwe nge-steel edlula amandla futhi ahlanganisa eziningi izilungiselelo ze-axle, ngokuvamile ezahlukene kusuka kumane kuya kweight axles, ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezithiyo zokulayisha eziqondile phezu kwephezulu elibanzi futhi kuhlangatshezwane nezinga lezithuthi lokukhula. Izinguqulo zesimanje zisebenzisa izinhlelo zokweseka ezisebenza nge-hydraulic noma eziphathwayo ukuze kuvalwe idokhumenti futhi lenze umthelela omuhle ekulayisheni nasekukhishweni kwemishini ezindaweni ezahlukene neziqondiso zomhlabathi. Izimo zomshini kule ndawo zifaka phakathi ama-low beds anedekhi eqinile ejwayelekile, izibonelo ze-hydraulic drop-deck ezivumela ukwehliswa kwe-deck okudlulele imithwalo emikhulu, kanye nezinhlelo ezikhethekile ze-multi-axle eziklanyelwe imishini edlula amatanisi angama-100. Izimo ezihehayo zihlanganisa izingxenye ezisuswayo ze-gooseneck, amapulatifomu alungiswayo, nezinhlelo ezihlanganisiwe zokuphosa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukufaka ama-rig amakhulu okumbiwa, izisekelo ze-vibratory hammer, nezikhala zokupilinga ezizindaweni ezahlukene kanye nezindawo eziyinkimbinkimbi. Ukukhetha ama-trailers afanele kudinga ukuhlolwa okuphelele kwezimo ezithile zobuchwepheshe. Ukwakha umthamo wemishini nokubeka isikhala somhlabathi kumele kubalwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuhambisana nemithetho yokulayisha ama-axle futhi kuvinjwe ukulayishwa komlocal. Ikhono lokuthwala umhlabathi ezindaweni zokulayisha kumele kuhlolwe ukuze kuqondwe kahle uma kudingeka ama-air suspension systems noma ama-mats wokwabelana ngoload ukuze kuvinjwe ukugcina umhlaba ophuthumayo. I-geometri yendawo ethunyelwe — kuhlanganise nosayizi beziteshi zokufinyelela, ukuhamba okuphezulu, amandla omgwaqo, kanye nezinga lokukhuphuka — kumele kuhlolwe ngesikhathi sokuhlela ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukufinyelela kwama-trailer. Izindlela zokubopha imishini kumele zinikeze amandla afanele wokubambisana ngenkathi kusekela izindawo zokufaka izakhi. Ukuhambisana nemithetho yokuhamba kubalulekile, kuhlanganise nokuhambisana nezilinganiso nemithwalo emikhulu evunyelwe abazimele. Ukuhanjiswa kwemithwalo engajwayelekile kudinga izimvume ezikhethekile kanye nokuhlela indlela okwehlisa izithiyo zomthwalo, i-geometri yomgwaqo, kanye nezithiyo zendawo. Abakhi bezisekelo ezijulile aban professional bavame ukugcina ubudlelwane nabathumeli abakhethekile abanama-low bed trailers ahlelwa ngendlela efanele nokwazi ukusingatha ukuhamba kwemishini eyinkimbinkimbi.
Ama-compressor emoyeni kumkhakha wezokwakha izisekelo ezijulile asebenza njengemishini engaphezulu ebalulekile eguqula amandla emishini noma kagesi abe umoya ophakanyisiwe, aphehlelela izinsiza eziningi zamathuluzi nemishini ye-pneumatic ezibalulekile ekwenzeni kusebenze izindawo zokusekela umhlaba nokwakhiwa kwezindonga zokuhlukanisa. Njengobuchwepheshe obubalulekile ngaphakathi kwesigaba se-Mishini Engaphezulu, ama-compressor emoyeni ahlinzeka ngombuso wamandla esidingo somsebenzi wezisekelo ezijulile, avumela ukuhlinzeka, ukugcwalisa, ukuhlanganisa umhlaba, nokusebenza kwemishini ezindaweni ezisemathafeni lapho ukulethwa kwamandla kwendabuko kokusebenza kungamukelekile noma kunomkhawulo. Ama-compressor emoyeni asetshenziswa ezinhlelweni eziningi zokwakha izisekelo ezijulile kuhlanganise nokwakhiwa kwezindonga zediyaframu, lapho umoya ophakanyisiwe uphumeza ama-breka e-pneumatic nemishini yokukhipha udoti ngesikhathi sokumba imikhondo yokuhola nokuhlinzeka izendlovukazi zomhlaba; ezinsizeni ze-secant ne-tangent pile, lapho ama-drill e-pneumatic nemishini edinga umoya ophakanyisiwe okuqhubekayo ukuze kubhekenwe nokuphathwa kwezinqwaba; ukufakwa kwezindonga zokuhlukanisa usebenzisa i-jet grouting, lapho amasistimu omoya aphakanyisiwe aphehliswa nezingxenyekazi zokugcwalisa akha umgudu omkhulu ophakamisayo ophula umhlaba; kanye nezindlela zokuhlanganisa umhlaba ezifana nokuhlanganiswa komhlaba okujulile nezindonga ze-cement zomhlaba, lapho imishini ye-pneumatic isekela ukujikeleza kwe-auger nokuphuma kwemathiriyeli. Ekubumbaneni nasekukhishweni kwephethiloli, umoya ophakanyisiwe uhlelela amasistimu okukhuphula umoya athutha izinto ezishaywe ezindaweni zokuhlobisa ezijulile, kunciphisa ukuhlanganiswa kwemishini ezindaweni ezijulile. Umoya ophakanyisiwe uhlomula ukusebenza kwamathuluzi e-pneumatic okubandakanya ama-hammers ane-impact, ama-drill e-pneumatic, nemishini ye-percussion ebalulekile yokuphula izithiyo nokulungisa izimo zomhlaba. Umprinciple wokusebenza kwama-compressor emoyeni uhilela ukwamukela umoya ozungezile, ukujula kwemishini ngokusebenzisa ama-screw aphendukayo noma ama-piston abuyiselayo, ukupholisa nge-intercoolers noma ama-aftercoolers ukuze kuqondiswe ukukhuphuka kokushisa okujwayelekile ekuphakamiseni okungaphephi, nokukhipha umoya ophakanyisiwe ngokuvamile usuka ku-4 kuya ku-13 bar absolute (0.4 kuya ku-1.3 MPa gauge) ukuze kusebenze imishini ejwayelekile. Ukuhlelelwa okujwayelekile emsebenzini wezisekelo ezijulile kuhlanganisa ama-compressor e-screw aphendukayo ezicelo ezinqunyiwe ezijulile ezifana ne-jet grouting nokuhlanganisa umhlaba, kanye nama-compressor abuyiselwayo (ama-piston) ukuze ahlinzeke umoya ophakathi kokuphakanyiswa kwamasistimu e-pneumatic okukhululekile. Ama-diesel-engine kanye nemishini ye-electric motor yokugcina zombili ziqhelekile; ama-diesel avame ukutholakala ezindaweni ezikude ezinganikezi izinsiza zokusebenza kagesi, kuyilapho ama-compressor e-electric adala ikhalenda yokuncintisana kanye nokusebenza okuhlanzekile ezindaweni ezithuthukisiwe. Izinkokhelo zokukhetha ama-compressors emsebenzini wezisekelo ezijulile zifaka ukuhlinzeka komoya okukhululekile (FAD) ngamamitha ayisikwele ngeminithi, ukufanisa isidingo somoya esibambile sezinsiza ezixhunywe; ingcindezi esebenzayo, ngokuvamile i-7–8 bar yokusebenza kwamathuluzi nokufika ku-10–13 bar ngezicelo ze-grouting ezikhethekile; ukuhamba kahle nokuhanjiswa okukhona endaweni, ngezinto ezikhungathekile ezihambayo noma ezihamba phambili ezifanele ezilungiselelwe ukuhamba kwezakhiwo eziphumayo; ukusebenza kahle kwamandla nokongiwa kwamafutha; kanye nesikhala sokusebenza sokushisa, njengoba ukusebenza kwe-compressor kwehla ezindaweni eziphakeme noma izimo zezulu ezinzima. Abakhi bahlola isilinganiso samandla ekukhiphweni, ukufinyelela kokMaintenance, kanye nokuncipha kwezwi, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezibucayi zezimali. Izincazelo zomshini zihambisana ne-ISO 1217 (izincazelo zomoya ophakanyisiwe), EN 12922 (uhlobo lwe-compressor nokusebenza), kanye ne-ISO 8573 (amazinga emkhakheni wekhwalithi yomoya ophakanyisiwe ochaza usayizi weziphumo, okuqukethwe kwamanzi, kanye nemikhawulo yokungcoliswa kwefutha), ukuqinisekisa ukuvikeleka komoya kumathuluzi e-pneumatic abucayi nemishini ye-grouting. I-DIN 1945 kanye nezinqondiso ze-IMCA ezisebenzayo ziphumelela izinga lokuphepha kwe-compressor nezindinganiso zokuqamba kumaphrojekthi okwakha ezizimele noma ezikhethekile.
Get the latest equipment listings, industry news, and market insights.