Amathreyi aphansi

Amathreyi aphansi afaneleka kakhulu ezithuthweni ezisindayo eziklanyelwe ukuthwele imishini enkulu, engasindi kahle, ngokuyisisekelo ezindaweni zokwakha izisekelo ezijulile. Njengengxenye ye-ecosystem yemishini eyengeziwe, amathreyi aphansi asebenza njengempahla ebalulekile yokuhamba, evumela ukuhamba okuphephile kwemishini yokushaya ama-phile, imishini ye-diaphragm wall, imishini yokubhoboza, kanye nezinye izinto zokubhoboza ezinzima nezicelo zokwakha izisekelo ezingabekwa ngamasondo ajwayelekile ngenxa yokuphakama, ubukhulu, noma izinkinga zokwakheka. Kumongo wezindonga zomhlabathi kanye nezindonga zokusebenza, amathreyi aphansi asebenza njengokuthwala okukhulu kwezokuthutha imishini yokubhoboza izindonga zobuhle, imishini ye-hydrofraise, imishini ye-jet grouting, kanye nemishini yokuxuba umhlabathi ezindaweni zephrojekthi, evame ukuhamba ezindaweni ezinzima nezindlela zokufinyelela ngemithwalo enkulu ephakeme kuka-50–150 tonnes. Amathreyi aphansi asetshenziswa kuwo wonke amasu wezindonga zomhlabathi nezindonga zokusebenza, kuhlanganise nezokwakha izindonga ze-diaphragm (ezisekela imishini yokubhoboza emithwalo emikhulu kanye nemishini ye-hydrofraise), ukufakwa kwezindonga ze-secant ne-tangent pile (ukuthutha abathwali bemishini kanye nama-hammers e-pile), izinhlelo ze-sheet pile wall (ukuletha ama-hammers okwehlisa nomsindo), ukusebenza kwe-jet grouting (ukuthutha amayunithi amapompo aphakeme kanye nezikhala zokuxuba), kanye nokwakha nokuxuba umhlaba endaweni (ukuthwala imishini yokwelapha umhlabathi ekhethekile). Umqondo ophethe umsebenzi ugxile ekuhlinzekeni komthwalo nokuqondisa umthwalo we-axle: amathreyi aphansi abonisa umbheke ophansi obekwe phansi, wandisa i-wheelbase phakathi kwezigaba eziningi ze-axle ukuze ahlukanise imithwalo yemishini ngaphakathi kwemikhawulo yokuhamba ye-axle evumelekile (ngokuvamile ama-tonnes angama-8–11 nge-axle ezinhlelweni ze-EU). Umkhawulo we-trailer ngokuvamile uyahluka ngezikalo ze-hydraulic noma ama-winch ama-mechanical, okuvumela ukuhamba okunembile nokuqiniswa kwemithwalo. Amathreyi aphansi amanje afaka ama-ramps akhishwayo, amabhalansi wokugcina imithwalo, kanye nezinhlelo ze-hydraulic ezihlanganisiwe ukuze zikhulule, zikhishwe, futhi zigcinwe ngesikhathi sokuhamba. Izilungiselelo ezisemqoka zifaka phakathi amathreyi aphansi e-tandem axle (amaqembu e-axle angu-2–3 ukuze kudlule ama-tonnes angama-60–100), amathreyi aphansi e-tri-axle kanye nezokwandisa (okuvumela imithwalo engu-80–150 tonnes noma ama-booms amakhulu), kanye nezinhlobo ezikhethekile zokwehla-amabhadi eziza nezikhala ezivumelanayo zokuhamba ngezinga eliphakeme. Ezinye izinhlaka zinezizinda ezijikelezayo noma izinto zokweseka imithwalo ezisebenza ngezinga le-hydraulic ukuze ziqhube imibhobo engalingani noma enkulu yemishini yokubhoboza nezigaba zemast. Izindlela zokukhetha eziyimfanelo zifaka phakathi amandla wemithwalo acacisiwe (kumele aphelelwe imithwalo yemishini emancane plus 15–20% yesikhumbuzo sokuphepha), ukuvumelana kobude nesayizi yebhodi nemikhumbi yemishini, izilungiselelo ze-axle ezitholakalayo ukuze kuhlangabezane nemithetho yasendaweni, uhlobo lweqoqo lokuphakanyiswa (amavolumu omoya ukuze kube nekh comfort; mechanical ukuze kube nokuqina), izinto zokulawula ukushayela kanye nezinhlelo zokuzinza, kanye nokuvumelana nezinhlelo ze-hydraulic ezilawulwa kude zokuphatha imithwalo. Izindinganiso ezibalulekile zifaka phakathi i-EN 12642 (izinhlelo zokugcina imithwalo), i-ISO 7573 (ukulinganiswa kwezithuthi), nezimiso zokuhamba zokuhamba ezizimele (i-STGB, i-STVO, noma ezifana) ezilawulayo imithwalo ye-axle, isamba esiphelele, kanye nemikhawulo yobukhulu. Abakhi obedlule basusa izindlela zokuthola amathreyi, izinhlelo zokubuyiselwa, ukuziphatha kokuhweba nezincwadi zokuhlangabezana nemigomo, kanye nolwazi lomkhandlu lokwakha oluhlukile nezindlela zokubeka imithwalo ezibalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuhamba kwezimoto okuphephile, okuhamba kahle ekuhlinzekeni kwemishini eziqondweni ezinzima zokwakhiwa kwezisekelo ezijulile.