Izinsiza Zokubhoboza Izimbobo Ezintathu

Ama-rig amathathu amanzi akhonjiswa njengemishini ethuthukisiwe eyenzelwe ukuqhuba imisebenzi yokugawula amanzi amathathu emizweni ejulile nasekuthuthukiseni umhlaba. Izinhlelo zokugawula amanzi amathathu zisebenzisa imijakazo emithathu ehlukene - ngokuvamile imijakazo eyinhloko ye-jet ethwele ingcindezi ephezulu (umoya ophungulwe noma amanzi), imijakazo yesibili yokuhlola, kanye nomhlaba wesithathu wokugawula - ukuze kufinyelelwe ekuhlanzeni umhlabathi okuphezulu nokulungisa umhlaba ngendlela enembile engafinyelelwa ngezinhlelo ezijwayelekile zamafluid athathu noma amabili. Lezi zikhali zisetshenziswa kakhulu ekwakhiweni kwezindonga zediyaframu, izithiyo zokusika, ama-pile secant, izakhiwo zokusekela ze-sheat pile, kanye nezinhlu eziyinkimbinkimbi zomhlaba-cement. Le teknoloji ibaluleke kakhulu lapho umhlaba onosawoti udinga ukuvalwa ngama-barrier angangeni, lapho ukuvikelwa kwamanzi asetshenziswayo kuphoqelelwa imithetho yemvelo, noma lapho izimo ezingaphansi komhlaba zidinga ukugcinwa kahle kokwakhiwa komhlaba nokuphuma kwamanzi. Izinhlelo zigubungela ukuvuselelwa kwemithombo yentsalela eholela emaphandleni, ukwesekwa kokumba ejulile ezindaweni zasemadolobheni, ukuqondiswa kokuvuza kwemifudlana, kanye nokuzinzisa izisekelo ezihlanganisa ama-geologies ayinkimbinkimbi okubandakanya izikhala eziphukile nezindawo ezinamathuba aphakeme. Itheknoloji isebenzisa imijaho emithathu ehlukene ye-fluid etholakala kusixhumi noma endaweni enezinkanyezi ezizimele. I-jet yokuqala ethwele ingcindezi ephezulu (ngokuvamile 200–400 bar kumasistimu asebenzisa amanzi, ukuya ku-600 bar kwama-variant axhaswe umoya) ithinta futhi ihambisa ama-particular soil. Ngasikhathi sinye, imijakazo yesibili yokuhlola inikeza ukulawula kweqondiso kanye namandla okukhipha okwandisa, kuyilapho imijakazo yesithathu yokufaka ifaka izinsiza zokubopha - kungaba i-cement-bentonite slurry, ama-grouths amakamelo, noma izinto ezikhethekile - ukugcwalisa izikhala nokwakha ikholomu egcwele yokwelashwa. Ama-jet amathathu ayasebenza ngokuhambisana noma ngokuhambisana kuye ngesimo sokuhlanganiswa kwezinsiza nezincazelo zedizayini, akhiqiza ama-kholomu ahlanzekile emhlabathini avamile aphakathi kuka-1 kuya ku-3 metres ububanzi nokwakhiwa okulawulwayo nezimpahla. Izimo ezisemqoka zemishini kule ndawo zihlanganisa ama-tracked drill carriers (15–50 ton class) anezinhlelo zokupompa amanzi amathathu ezihlanganisiwe, ama-lattice-mast rig systems wokusebenza ezindaweni ezijulile ezingaphezu kwemitha engama-50, nezinhlelo ezikhethekile zamanzi amathathu ezinamabha noma ezikhiphayo ezindaweni zokuphepha. Ukuhluka kwemishini kuhlola izidingo ezahlukahlukene zamapayipi, izinga lokufaka, nezimo ze-mast ezihamba nemiphumela emisha ye-neer ezitholakalayo. Izinga lokukhetha ama-rig amathathu amanzi ligxile kumthamo okhuthazwayo, ukuhambisana komhlaba (okuhambelana komhlaba ovuthayo noma owomile), ububanzi be-kholomu obudinga ukwakhiwa kanye nobubanzi bezindonga, uthuli lokuhambisana (kubalulekile ezindaweni ezihlakazekile), nokuhlanganiswa kwefayili ye-fluids efanelekayo edingekayo ukuze kutholwe izinhlobo zomhlaba nezinhloso zezifiso zokusebenza. Izincazelo kufanele zihambisane nezindinganiso zokwakha eziphathelene nokwakhiwa komhlaba okujwayelekile, okuhlanganisa i-EN 12716 (Ukusebenza komsebenzi oyingqayizivele wokwakhiwa komhlaba: jet grouting), i-EN 14679 (Ukusebenza kwemisebenzi ehlukahlukene yokwakhiwa komhlaba: deep mixing), i-DIN 4093 (Ukugawula ezindaweni: jet grouting), nezindinganiso ezithile zephrojekthi ezisungulwa ngokuhlolwa kwepitha yokuhlola kanye nenhlangano yelabhorethri yeparamitha yomhlaba owelashwa kuya ekukhuleni kokucindezela okungakhawulelwe, ukunciphisa ukukhipha, kanye nokusebenza kwesimo eside ngaphansi kwezimo zokuthola umsebenzi.